Terima kasih kepada semua yang telah sudi hadhir ke rumah terbuka saya sempena hari raya aidil fitri.
Saturday, October 11, 2008
OPEN HOUSE
Terima kasih kepada semua yang telah sudi hadhir ke rumah terbuka saya sempena hari raya aidil fitri.
GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME
di copy dari sumber http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/gbs/detail_gbs.htm#129333139
Guillain-Barré syndrome is a disorder in which the body's immune system attacks part of the peripheral nervous system. The first symptoms of this disorder include varying degrees of weakness or tingling sensations in the legs. In many instances the weakness and abnormal sensations spread to the arms and upper body. These symptoms can increase in intensity until certain muscles cannot be used at all and, when severe, the patient is almost totally paralyzed. In these cases the disorder is life threatening - potentially interfering with breathing and, at times, with blood pressure or heart rate - and is considered a medical emergency. Such a patient is often put on a respirator to assist with breathing and is watched closely for problems such as an abnormal heart beat, infections, blood clots, and high or low blood pressure. Most patients, however, recover from even the most severe cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome, although some continue to have a certain degree of weakness.
Guillain-Barré syndrome can affect anybody. It can strike at any age and both sexes are equally prone to the disorder. The syndrome is rare, however, afflicting only about one person in 100,000. Usually Guillain-Barré occurs a few days or weeks after the patient has had symptoms of a respiratory or gastrointestinal viral infection. Occasionally surgery or vaccinations will trigger the syndrome.
After the first clinical manifestations of the disease, the symptoms can progress over the course of hours, days, or weeks. Most people reach the stage of greatest weakness within the first 2 weeks after symptoms appear, and by the third week of the illness 90 percent of all patients are at their weakest.
No one yet knows why Guillain-Barré—which is not contagious—strikes some people and not others. Nor does anyone know exactly what sets the disease in motion.
What scientists do know is that the body's immune system begins to attack the body itself, causing what is known as an autoimmune disease. Usually the cells of the immune system attack only foreign material and invading organisms. In Guillain-Barré syndrome, however, the immune system starts to destroy the myelin sheath that surrounds the axons of many peripheral nerves, or even the axons themselves (axons are long, thin extensions of the nerve cells; they carry nerve signals). The myelin sheath surrounding the axon speeds up the transmission of nerve signals and allows the transmission of signals over long distances.
In diseases in which the peripheral nerves' myelin sheaths are injured or degraded, the nerves cannot transmit signals efficiently. That is why the muscles begin to lose their ability to respond to the brain's commands, commands that must be carried through the nerve network. The brain also receives fewer sensory signals from the rest of the body, resulting in an inability to feel textures, heat, pain, and other sensations. Alternately, the brain may receive inappropriate signals that result in tingling, "crawling-skin," or painful sensations. Because the signals to and from the arms and legs must travel the longest distances they are most vulnerable to interruption. Therefore, muscle weakness and tingling sensations usually first appear in the hands and feet and progress upwards.
When Guillain-Barré is preceded by a viral or bacterial infection, it is possible that the virus has changed the nature of cells in the nervous system so that the immune system treats them as foreign cells. It is also possible that the virus makes the immune system itself less discriminating about what cells it recognizes as its own, allowing some of the immune cells, such as certain kinds of lymphocytes and macrophages, to attack the myelin. Sensitized T lymphocytes cooperate with B lymphocytes to produce antibodies against components of the myelin sheath and may contribute to destruction of the myelin. Scientists are investigating these and other possibilities to find why the immune system goes awry in Guillain-Barré syndrome and other autoimmune diseases. The cause and course of Guillain-Barré syndrome is an active area of neurological investigation, incorporating the cooperative efforts of neurological scientists, immunologists, and virologists.
Guillain-Barré is called a syndrome rather than a disease because it is not clear that a specific disease-causing agent is involved. A syndrome is a medical condition characterized by a collection of symptoms (what the patient feels) and signs (what a doctor can observe or measure). The signs and symptoms of the syndrome can be quite varied, so doctors may, on rare occasions, find it difficult to diagnose Guillain-Barré in its earliest stages.
Several disorders have symptoms similar to those found in Guillain-Barré, so doctors examine and question patients carefully before making a diagnosis. Collectively, the signs and symptoms form a certain pattern that helps doctors differentiate Guillain-Barré from other disorders. For example, physicians will note whether the symptoms appear on both sides of the body (most common in Guillain-Barré) and the quickness with which the symptoms appear (in other disorders, muscle weakness may progress over months rather than days or weeks). In Guillain-Barré, reflexes such as knee jerks are usually lost. Because the signals traveling along the nerve are slower, a nerve conduction velocity (NCV) test can give a doctor clues to aid the diagnosis. In Guillain-Barré patients, the cerebrospinal fluid that bathes the spinal cord and brain contains more protein than usual. Therefore a physician may decide to perform a spinal tap, a procedure in which the doctor inserts a needle into the patient's lower back to draw cerebrospinal fluid from the spinal column.
There is no known cure for Guillain-Barré syndrome. However, there are therapies that lessen the severity of the illness and accelerate the recovery in most patients. There are also a number of ways to treat the complications of the disease.
Currently, plasma exchange (sometimes called plasmapheresis) and high-dose immunoglobulin therapy are used. Both of them are equally effective, but immunoglobulin is easier to administer. Plasma exchange is a method by which whole blood is removed from the body and processed so that the red and white blood cells are separated from the plasma, or liquid portion of the blood. The blood cells are then returned to the patient without the plasma, which the body quickly replaces. Scientists still don't know exactly why plasma exchange works, but the technique seems to reduce the severity and duration of the Guillain-Barré episode. This may be because the plasma portion of the blood contains elements of the immune system that may be toxic to the myelin.
In high-dose immunoglobulin therapy, doctors give intravenous injections of the proteins that, in small quantities, the immune system uses naturally to attack invading organisms. Investigators have found that giving high doses of these immunoglobulins, derived from a pool of thousands of normal donors, to Guillain-Barré patients can lessen the immune attack on the nervous system. Investigators don't know why or how this works, although several hypotheses have been proposed.
The use of steroid hormones has also been tried as a way to reduce the severity of Guillain-Barré, but controlled clinical trials have demonstrated that this treatment not only is not effective but may even have a deleterious effect on the disease.
The most critical part of the treatment for this syndrome consists of keeping the patient's body functioning during recovery of the nervous system. This can sometimes require placing the patient on a respirator, a heart monitor, or other machines that assist body function. The need for this sophisticated machinery is one reason why Guillain-Barré syndrome patients are usually treated in hospitals, often in an intensive care ward. In the hospital, doctors can also look for and treat the many problems that can afflict any paralyzed patient - complications such as pneumonia or bed sores.
Often, even before recovery begins, caregivers may be instructed to manually move the patient's limbs to help keep the muscles flexible and strong. Later, as the patient begins to recover limb control, physical therapy begins. Carefully planned clinical trials of new and experimental therapies are the key to improving the treatment of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Such clinical trials begin with the research of basic and clinical scientists who, working with clinicians, identify new approaches to treating patients with the disease.
Guillain-Barré syndrome can be a devastating disorder because of its sudden and unexpected onset. In addition, recovery is not necessarily quick. As noted above, patients usually reach the point of greatest weakness or paralysis days or weeks after the first symptoms occur. Symptoms then stabilize at this level for a period of days, weeks, or, sometimes, months. The recovery period may be as little as a few weeks or as long as a few years. About 30 percent of those with Guillain-Barré still have a residual weakness after 3 years. About 3 percent may suffer a relapse of muscle weakness and tingling sensations many years after the initial attack.
Guillain-Barré syndrome patients face not only physical difficulties, but emotionally painful periods as well. It is often extremely difficult for patients to adjust to sudden paralysis and dependence on others for help with routine daily activities. Patients sometimes need psychological counseling to help them adapt.
SIAPA MAHATHIR??
KALAU KABUR, YANG MEMANGGIL IALAH.......
Friday, October 10, 2008
IMPLIKASI MELANGIT
Pilihan raya 1999. PAS bertanding di DUN Kajang. Saya pengarah jentera pilihan raya. Calon yang kami kemukakan ialah Dr. Shafie Abu Bakar. Calon baru 5 bulan masuk PAS, belum lagi dikenali di dalam DUN tersebut. Tetapi jentera pilihan raya telah dua tahun disiap dan diperkasa.
Setelah keputusan diumumkan, PAS menang dengan kelebihan 37 undi. Tetapi menang tetap menang. Kemenangan tersebut adalah satu kemenangan yang mencipta sejarah, kerana sebelum ini, PAS tidak berpeluang langsung untuk memenangi kawasan yang ramai penduduk bukan Melayu, terutamanya kalau pengundi Cina.
Selepas kemenangan tersebut, banyaklah MTD di Selangor yang datang untuk mencungkil rahsia bagaimana kemenangan tersebut boleh dicapai. Dan kami pun menceritakan apakah strategi dan faktor yang telah membantu kami.
Tetapi saya terus berfikir apakah faktor sebenar yang telah membantu kami. Semua faktor tersebut diulang semula dalam pilihan raya 2004, dan dengan keghairahan yang lebih, kerana tenaga baru yang semakin banyak membantu jentera PAS. Walau pun saya tidak lagi terlibat dengan jentera pilihan raya 2004, tetapi sekiranya benar faktor yang kami sebutkan dahulu, maka tentulah kemenangan tersebut boleh di replicate. Tetapi ia tidak sedemikian.
Selepas itu baru saya faham, swing pengundi Cina kepada PAS dalam tahun 1999 sebahagian besarnya telah dibantu oleh gambar Hj. Hadi berpelukan dengan Lim Kit Siang. Selepas gambar tersebut tersiar, gerak kerja kami dengan orang DAP menjadi mudah. Ditambah mudah lagi bila kami membuat sambutan bersama dengan DAP kerana bebasnya Lim Guan Eng dari penjara Sungai Jelok di Kajang.
Saya, percaya, gambar Lim Kit Siang bersalaman dengan Haji Hadi semasa lawatan hari raya pemimpin DAP itu baru baru ini ada implikasi politik. Saya percaya gambar ini boleh membuat pengundi Cina swing kepada PAS dengan lebih baik lagi kalau suasana politik kekal seperti sekarang. Gambar ini mesti diperguna sepenuhnya oleh jentera PAS untuk meraih untuk dari non Muslim, non Melayu, terutamanya pengundi Cina.
Yang ini saya percaya sungguh.
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TAHNIAH U MALAYA:RANKING NAIK
Tahniah kepada Universiti Malaya kerana ranking telah naik.
Tanhiah juga kepada universiti Malaysia yang ranking masing masing telah naik.
ISTERIKU 1/3DIS
Thursday, October 9, 2008
A DISCOURSE IN ISLAMIC STATE part 30
....................continued from part 30
Implications of nationalism on Islam
MATI PUN TAK APA, ASALKAN SENTIMENTOL KU KEKAL
TEKA TEKI 2
Bila bata dibuat turas
Masihkan Seraman dibuat pasak
Bila tahta disentap keras
Masihkan tanaman terus rosak?
Wednesday, October 8, 2008
MAKANAN KILAB NASIONALISME
SAMBUNGAN DIHEMPAP TEMBOK
Tuesday, October 7, 2008
SEBERANG SEBERUT
Kalau kita nak buat renovation rumah, kena ada plan, kena ada itu dan ada ini, tapi yang ni seberang seberut pun ok aje.
Selain dari seberang seberut dan kotor bolor, tempat ini juga berbau busuk, kerana pelbagai aktiviti komersial yang tidak mengambil peruah mengenai keselesaan orang lain.
Seberang seberut ini tumbuh dalam pemerintahan BN, sambung ke zaman PR. Di Bandar Baru Bangi, bersebelahan Bank Islam.
A DISCOURSE IN ISLAMIC STATE part 29
TAUHID SEBAGAI IDEOLOGI
Monday, October 6, 2008
ANTARA ANWARIYYUN DAN KOS MELEPAS
TERUNGKAINYA MISTERI
SUARA CAKNA KOMUNITI ANDA .....amende
Sunday, October 5, 2008
RUMAH MUTA LIGAT KENA BANJIR TAK?
HIDUP DALAM TONG SAMPAH
Keadaan persekitaran flat yang tidak terurus menambahkan lagi kehodohan yang telah sedia hodoh. Rumput dan lalang panjang yang tidak dipotong dan kadang kala menjadikan tempat kediaman ini kelihatan bukan sebagai tempat kediaman, tetapi lebih sebagai tempat bertedungnya kambing daripada tempias hujan. Mengapa tidak ada pihak yang mengambil sikap proaktif supaya keadaan ini diperbaiki dan diperelok? Bukankan pemandangan yang seperti ini menjadikan mata dan hati kita sakit, selain dari sememangnya mendatangkan penyakit.
Sikap penduduk yang suka hidup dalam tong sampah, atau tidak kisah kalau hidup dalam tong sampah menambahkan lagi kemurungan tempat seperti ini. Ramai penduduk yang membina tempat letak kereta persendirian dengan binaan yang bukan membantu membaikkan keadaan, tetapi menambahkan lagi kehodohan persekitaraan dan menambahkan lagi peluang bercambahnya vector penyakit dan meremutkan lagi makhluk yang boleh mendatangkan pelbagai masalah seperti tikus, lipas, ular, semut, kala, jengking......silap silap hari bulan gajah pun nanti berkampung di situ..... sebabnya ialah kadang kadang tempat letak kereta tersebut tidak menempatkan kereta, tetapi adalah stor penyimpanan barang barang buruk yang tidak diperlukkan, tetapi tidak mahu dibuang, kononyan ada nilai sentimentol.... dengan itu ia menjadi sampah yang terperap berkurun lamanya
Saya katakan ada orang suka tinggal dalam tong sampah kerana mereka membuang sampah ditempat mereka tinggal. Jadi tentulah tempat mereka tinggal itu adalah tong sampah. Bukankah kotor dan busuk tong sampah tu; tetapi kenapa mereka sangat gemar tinggal dalam tong sampah? Kesedaran ini yang tidak ada lagi dalam masyarakat kita, dan ramai orang yang tidak ambil kisah, dan tak ambil peduli dan tidak ambil peruah mengenai perkara seperti ini. Apabila kena penyakit, mereka terasa susah. Sembuh daripada penyakit, perangai lama diulang kembali.
Bagi kawasan yang saya perhatikan ini, pengurusan flat atau pangsapuri ini telah diserahkan kepada penduduk. Seperti mana yang kita ketahui, tidak ramai penduduk yang mempunyai daya keinsafan alam sekitar yang baik, dan tidak banyak persatuan penduduk yang mampu menangani perkara pengurusan tempat kediaman ini dengan baik. Mereka sebenarnya tidak mampu. Oleh itu keputusan untuk melepaskan tanggung jawab pengurusan flat kepada penduduk adalah satu keputusan salah dan bersifat lepas tangan, kerana persekitaran flat ini akan semakin bertambah buruk semakin masa berlalu.